I actually work at my former high school; part of what I do is working with our Learning Specialist to develop and implement an on-campus tutoring program for students who need extra help. Among other things, our LS is looking into Arts-Integration (differentiated instruction) as a means of reaching students with different learning needs. So, I think that what I have to say, while not exactly what you asked for, is still relevant.
We've had great success with our tutoring program so far - and this upcoming school year is
definitely going to be exciting. Also (just a bit of ego-stroking) our program is even being featured in a case-study for innovative use of audio-technology in reading enhancement.
I'll talk a bit on a few different subjects, from new teacher-advice to some approaches to teaching effectively (which is what I think you are most interested in, so I'll focus on that). My job is all about supporting teachers and students. I am rather long-winded, but I hope that your friend (and her students) benefit from what I have to say.
Keep in mind, a lot of what I say is just my opinion (based on my experience, that of teachers, and various books, articles, and research I've read). I don't know if your friend is a first-time teacher, but I will write this from that perspective.
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I can't say I don't feel sorry for her, getting into teaching (especially high school level) is pretty tough. But, after the first year, it gets progressively easier (hopefully
). You kind of get into a "groove". At least, that's how my colleagues have described it.
I don't know how things are in Florida, but in California, contending with all the state standards and correlated testing is one of the biggest challenges for new teachers. The requisite testing preparation takes a lot of time and (in my experience as a student and employee) often interrupts actual teaching. It is very difficult to judge lesson plans and figure out how long they actually take to go through, even after some years of experience - it is especially difficult when testing schedules get moved around, without notice.
There are so many challenges in being a new teacher; it's really easy to get stressed out. Of course, many of the things which cause stress don't go away, even with years of experience. The best thing to do is find some way of dealing with it so you don't burn yourself out.
At the end of the day, with papers to grade, reports to hand in, lessons to plan, meetings to prepare for, and so on - it's easy for a new teacher to spend hours after school working. Really, you could spend five hours a night, every night, and not get everything done. At a certain point, you just have to realize the work day is over, and it's time to go home. It isn't beneficial to anyone if you spend all your time working - that, I think, is a difficult thing for some teachers to accept, especially the dedicated ones. But, it's true.
Now, onto the bit about instruction and lesson plans -
We have remedial English classes, too. The most difficult thing is getting the students to actually WANT to read. Things like group projects and discussion, games, or other interactive lesson elements
can be effective (although, there are many conflicting opinions).
I don't know if your friend is an avid reader, but I read many articles and books about teaching and catering to different minds (I tend to focus on the implications and use of technology in education, though). Taking a look at some of that can be eye opening. There are concepts and ideas about teaching that have so much potential, but are not used because they are unconventional (at least in this country).
The big thing, now, seems to be "differentiated instruction" - where the teacher teaches to the individual rather than the group, so to speak. Using a variety teaching techniques, the teacher is able to reach more students - and teach them more effectively. There are mountains of literature on this kind of teaching (just do a Google search) - as well as a lot of positive support. The main problem with this is not its effectiveness, but the fact that the standards-based learning model of current public-education isn't entirely compatible. Nevertheless, using some of these strategies could be a really good idea for your friend.
Technology integration is another option (also part of DI), and quite a popular one, I might add. However, I want to warn you (and your friend) that the majority of the technology marketed to schools is complete garbage (part of what I do is evaluate different products and services, by the way).
Things like audio-books can really help some students, though. For students who are more auditory learners or those that have difficulty with reading the English language, listening to a passage of text may be an excellent way of improving that student's reading ability and satisfaction from reading.
Computer use is another option - but, I am unconvinced that it really has that much of a positive effect.
However, (for example) there are cases in which students who don't like to write, and wouldn't write essays or reports for that reason, find writing on a computer more pleasurable and easier. From what I've read in a couple books about computer use and its implications, the amount of text written by a student using a computer goes up - but the quality diminishes (on average). It's basically a double-edged sword. Sure, the student may be writing, but he or she probably isn't producing quality content. But, hey, they're writing! So, it's up to the teacher to decide whether or not this trade-off is a good one
)).
Further on the subject of computers in school, most teachers receive
very little training with computers. Not to mention, that even fewer teachers receive training on
how to teach with computers. Most computer-integration in the classroom is simple copy/paste PowerPoint presentations. If the computers are connected to the Internet, then computer use may be even less effective as students browse off-topic websites. Of course, the Internet has big potential, too.
So, while computer use has
tremendous potential, and I personally believe in technology integration, there is too little support to indicate computers are worth their large costs, right now. Lack of training, quality products, understanding, and prohibitive costs prevent me from being able to just say "Computer use is great! I fully recommend it!". Even though I owe my education (and my job and my future career) to computers, for the overall majority of students, computer use will not have such positive effects.
Now - that said, there is some support that computer use by remedial English students has a greater effect than computer use by average-level students, for a number of reasons I won't go into. Your friend should make her own judgments, though. There is certainly enough reading on that subject :p.
Different computer programs and online activities can be beneficial to remedial English students - so, if computers are available to her, and the school administration is supportive, your friend may want to look into that. Keep in mind what I said about the quality of many of these programs, though.
Unfortunately, deciding what technology to use and how is like navigating a mine-field. Even with someone like me and a Learning Specialist on-campus to help with these kinds of decisions, results can be something of a crap-shoot. California has something called CTAP (California Technology Assistance Project) that focuses on educational technology and training. I can't really comment on what I think of CTAP (I am a district employee, after all, and I will likely have to work with them in the future
), but I'm sure there must be avenues your friend can explore in Florida, if she is interested in technology integration, that is.
If she wants to go that route - there are many, many, grants and offerings from companies available to teachers who want to incorporate technology use in the classroom. She can write grant applications, find corporate company product donation programs, and look toward community support to fund her technological endeavors.
I could go on for pages about various teaching methods, theories, and my comments on them - but I covered what I believe to be the main points, as best I can in this format.
There is a lot of literature out there about enhancing education - your friend would best be served if she took an interest in reading it (if she has time :D). There are so many options available to teachers, it is simply overwhelming.
Anyhow - I hope that this is of benefit, even just a little. I wish your friend the greatest of luck as a teacher (and I really hope that she doesn't need it).