Opening Webpages in Windows Default Browser

[Draycos Goldaryn]

This is just a mini tutorial since all you are doing is inserting one script, inserting a few lines in main, and then the command to open the webpage.

Step 1:
insert this script just above Main

Spoiler: Win32::Registry Module

#===============================================================================
# Win32::Registry
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This class reads the windows registry.                                        
#===============================================================================

module Win32
  class Registry
    module Constants
      HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT = 0x80000000
      HKEY_CURRENT_USER = 0x80000001
      HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = 0x80000002
      HKEY_USERS = 0x80000003
      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA = 0x80000004
      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT = 0x80000050
      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT = 0x80000060
      HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG = 0x80000005
      HKEY_DYN_DATA = 0x80000006
      REG_NONE = 0
      REG_SZ = 1
      REG_EXPAND_SZ = 2
      REG_BINARY = 3
      REG_DWORD = 4
      REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 4
      REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN = 5
      REG_LINK = 6
      REG_MULTI_SZ = 7
      REG_RESOURCE_LIST = 8
      REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR = 9
      REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST = 10
      REG_QWORD = 11
      REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 11
      STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ = 0x00020000
      STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE = 0x00020000
      KEY_QUERY_VALUE = 0x0001
      KEY_SET_VALUE = 0x0002
      KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY = 0x0004
      KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS = 0x0008
      KEY_NOTIFY = 0x0010
      KEY_CREATE_LINK = 0x0020
      KEY_READ = STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ |
        KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS | KEY_NOTIFY
      KEY_WRITE = STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE |
        KEY_SET_VALUE | KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY
      KEY_EXECUTE = KEY_READ
      KEY_ALL_ACCESS = KEY_READ | KEY_WRITE | KEY_CREATE_LINK
      REG_OPTION_RESERVED = 0x0000
      REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE = 0x0000
      REG_OPTION_VOLATILE = 0x0001
      REG_OPTION_CREATE_LINK = 0x0002
      REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE = 0x0004
      REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK = 0x0008
      REG_LEGAL_OPTION = REG_OPTION_RESERVED |
        REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE | REG_OPTION_CREATE_LINK |
        REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE | REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK
      REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY = 1
      REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY = 2
      REG_WHOLE_HIVE_VOLATILE = 0x0001
      REG_REFRESH_HIVE = 0x0002
      REG_NO_LAZY_FLUSH = 0x0004
      REG_FORCE_RESTORE = 0x0008
      MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 514
      MAX_VALUE_LENGTH = 32768
    end
    include Constants
    include Enumerable
    class Error < ::StandardError
      FormatMessageA=Win32API.new('kernel32.dll','FormatMessageA','LPLLPLP','L')
      def initialize(code)
        @code = code
        msg = "\0" * 1024
        len = FormatMessageA.call(0x1200, 0, code, 0, msg, 1024, 0)
        super msg[0, len].tr("\r", '').chomp
      end
      attr_reader :code
    end
    class PredefinedKey < Registry
      def initialize(hkey, keyname)
        @hkey = hkey
        @parent = nil
        @keyname = keyname
        @disposition = REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY
      end
      def close
        raise Error.new(5)
      end
      def class
        Registry
      end
      Constants.constants.grep(/^HKEY_/) do |c|
        Registry.const_set c, new(Constants.const_get(c), c)
      end
    end
    module API
      [
        %w/RegOpenKeyExA    LPLLP        L/,
        %w/RegCreateKeyExA  LPLLLLPPP    L/,
        %w/RegEnumValueA    LLPPPPPP     L/,
        %w/RegEnumKeyExA    LLPPLLLP     L/,
        %w/RegQueryValueExA LPLPPP       L/,
        %w/RegSetValueExA   LPLLPL       L/,
        %w/RegFlushKey      L            L/,
        %w/RegCloseKey      L            L/,
        %w/RegQueryInfoKey  LPPPPPPPPPPP L/,
      ].each do |fn|
        const_set fn[0].intern, Win32API.new('advapi32.dll', *fn)
      end
      module_function
      def check(result)
        raise Error, result, caller(2) if result != 0
      end
      def packdw(dw)
        [dw].pack('V')
      end
      def unpackdw(dw)
        dw += [0].pack('V')
        dw.unpack('V')[0]
      end
      def packqw(qw)
        [ qw & 0xFFFFFFFF, qw >> 32 ].pack('VV')
      end
      def unpackqw(qw)
        qw = qw.unpack('VV')
        (qw[1] << 32) | qw[0]
      end
      def OpenKey(hkey, name, opt, desired)
        result = packdw(0)
        check RegOpenKeyExA.call(hkey, name, opt, desired, result)
        unpackdw(result)
      end
      def CreateKey(hkey, name, opt, desired)
        result = packdw(0)
        disp = packdw(0)
        check RegCreateKeyExA.call(hkey, name, 0, 0, opt, desired,
                                   0, result, disp)
        [ unpackdw(result), unpackdw(disp) ]
      end
      def EnumValue(hkey, index)
        name = ' ' * Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH
        size = packdw(Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
        check RegEnumValueA.call(hkey, index, name, size, 0, 0, 0, 0)
        name[0, unpackdw(size)]
      end
      def EnumKey(hkey, index)
        name = ' ' * Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH
        size = packdw(Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
        wtime = ' ' * 8
        check RegEnumKeyExA.call(hkey, index, name, size, 0, 0, 0, wtime)
        [ name[0, unpackdw(size)], unpackqw(wtime) ]
      end
      def QueryValue(hkey, name)
        type = packdw(0)
        size = packdw(0)
        check RegQueryValueExA.call(hkey, name, 0, type, 0, size)
        data = ' ' * unpackdw(size)
        check RegQueryValueExA.call(hkey, name, 0, type, data, size)
        [ unpackdw(type), data[0, unpackdw(size)] ]
      end
      def SetValue(hkey, name, type, data, size)
        check RegSetValueExA.call(hkey, name, 0, type, data, size)
      end
      def FlushKey(hkey)
        check RegFlushKey.call(hkey)
      end
      def CloseKey(hkey)
        check RegCloseKey.call(hkey)
      end
      def QueryInfoKey(hkey)
        subkeys = packdw(0)
        maxsubkeylen = packdw(0)
        values = packdw(0)
        maxvaluenamelen = packdw(0)
        maxvaluelen = packdw(0)
        secdescs = packdw(0)
        wtime = ' ' * 8
        check RegQueryInfoKey.call(hkey, 0, 0, 0, subkeys, maxsubkeylen, 0,
          values, maxvaluenamelen, maxvaluelen, secdescs, wtime)
        [ unpackdw(subkeys), unpackdw(maxsubkeylen), unpackdw(values),
          unpackdw(maxvaluenamelen), unpackdw(maxvaluelen),
          unpackdw(secdescs), unpackqw(wtime) ]
      end
    end
    def self.expand_environ(str)
      str.gsub(/%([^%]+)%/) { ENV[$1] || $& }
    end
    @@type2name = { }
    %w[
      REG_NONE REG_SZ REG_EXPAND_SZ REG_BINARY REG_DWORD
      REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN REG_LINK REG_MULTI_SZ
      REG_RESOURCE_LIST REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR
      REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST REG_QWORD
    ].each do |type|
      @@type2name[Constants.const_get(type)] = type
    end
    def self.type2name(type)
      @@type2name[type] || type.to_s
    end
    def self.wtime2time(wtime)
      Time.at((wtime - 116444736000000000) / 10000000)
    end
    def self.time2wtime(time)
      time.to_i * 10000000 + 116444736000000000
    end
    private_class_method :new
    def self.open(hkey, subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
      subkey = subkey.chomp('\\')
      newkey = API.OpenKey(hkey.hkey, subkey, opt, desired)
      obj = new(newkey, hkey, subkey, REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY)
      if block_given?
        begin
          yield obj
        ensure
          obj.close
        end
      else
        obj
      end
    end
    def self.create(hkey, subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = 0x0000)
      newkey, disp = API.CreateKey(hkey.hkey, subkey, opt, desired)
      obj = new(newkey, hkey, subkey, disp)
      if block_given?
        begin
          yield obj
        ensure
          obj.close
        end
      else
        obj
      end
    end
    @@final = proc { |hkey| proc { API.CloseKey(hkey[0]) if hkey[0] } }
    def initialize(hkey, parent, keyname, disposition)
      @hkey = hkey
      @parent = parent
      @keyname = keyname
      @disposition = disposition
      @hkeyfinal = [ hkey ]
      ObjectSpace.define_finalizer self, @@final.call(@hkeyfinal)
    end
    attr_reader :hkey, :parent, :keyname, :disposition
    def created?
      @disposition == REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY
    end
    def open?
      !@hkey.nil?
    end
    def name
      parent = self
      name = @keyname
      while parent = parent.parent
        name = parent.keyname + '\\' + name
      end
      name
    end
    def inspect
      "\#"
    end
    def _dump(depth)
      raise TypeError, "can't dump Win32::Registry"
    end
    def open(subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED, &blk)
      self.class.open(self, subkey, desired, opt, &blk)
    end
    def create(subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED, &blk)
      self.class.create(self, subkey, desired, opt, &blk)
    end
    def close
      API.CloseKey(@hkey)
      @hkey = @parent = @keyname = nil
      @hkeyfinal[0] = nil
    end
    def each_value
      index = 0
      while true
        begin
          subkey = API.EnumValue(@hkey, index)
        rescue Error
          break
        end
        begin
          type, data = read(subkey)
        rescue Error
          next
        end
        yield subkey, type, data
        index += 1
      end
      index
    end
    alias each each_value
    def each_key
      index = 0
      while true
        begin
          subkey, wtime = API.EnumKey(@hkey, index)
        rescue Error
          break
        end
        yield subkey, wtime
        index += 1
      end
      index
    end
    def keys
      keys_ary = []
      each_key { |key,| keys_ary << key }
      keys_ary
    end
    def read(name, *rtype)
      type, data = API.QueryValue(@hkey, name)
      unless rtype.empty? or rtype.include?(type)
        string = "Type mismatch (expect #{rtype.inspect} but #{type} present)"
        raise TypeError, string
      end
      case type
      when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
        [ type, data.chop ]
      when REG_MULTI_SZ
        [ type, data.split(/\0/) ]
      when REG_BINARY
        [ type, data ]
      when REG_DWORD
        [ type, API.unpackdw(data) ]
      when REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN
        [ type, data.unpack('N')[0] ]
      when REG_QWORD
        [ type, API.unpackqw(data) ]
      else
        raise TypeError, "Type #{type} is not supported."
      end
    end
    def [](name, *rtype)
      type, data = read(name, *rtype)
      case type
      when REG_SZ, REG_DWORD, REG_QWORD, REG_MULTI_SZ
        data
      when REG_EXPAND_SZ
        Registry.expand_environ(data)
      else
        raise TypeError, "Type #{type} is not supported."
      end
    end
    def read_s(name)
      read(name, REG_SZ)[1]
    end
    def read_s_expand(name)
      type, data = read(name, REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ)
      if type == REG_EXPAND_SZ
        Registry.expand_environ(data)
      else
        data
      end
    end
    def read_i(name)
      read(name, REG_DWORD, REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN, REG_QWORD)[1]
    end
    def read_bin(name)
      read(name, REG_BINARY)[1]
    end
    def write(name, type, data)
      case type
      when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
        data = data.to_s + "\0"
      when REG_MULTI_SZ
        data = data.to_a.join("\0") + "\0\0"
      when REG_BINARY
        data = data.to_s
      when REG_DWORD
        data = API.packdw(data.to_i)
      when REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN
        data = [data.to_i].pack('N')
      when REG_QWORD
        data = API.packqw(data.to_i)
      else
        raise TypeError, "Unsupported type #{type}"
      end
      API.SetValue(@hkey, name, type, data, data.length)
    end
    def []=(name, rtype, value = nil)
      if value
        write name, rtype, value
      else
        case value = rtype
        when Integer
          write name, REG_DWORD, value
        when String
          write name, REG_SZ, value
        when Array
          write name, REG_MULTI_SZ, value
        else
          raise TypeError, "Unexpected type #{value.class}"
        end
      end
      value
    end
    def write_s(name, value)
      write name, REG_SZ, value.to_s
    end
    def write_i(name, value)
      write name, REG_DWORD, value.to_i
    end
    def write_bin(name, value)
      write name, REG_BINARY, value.to_s
    end
    def flush
      API.FlushKey @hkey
    end
    def info
      API.QueryInfoKey(@hkey)
    end
    %w[
      num_keys max_key_length
      num_values max_value_name_length max_value_length
      descriptor_length wtime
    ].each_with_index do |s, i|
      eval <<-__END__
        def #{s}
          info[#{i}]
        end
      __END__
    end
  end
end

Step 2:
Add these lines to Main:

Win32::Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.open('Software\Clients\StartMenuInternet') do |reg|
  $default_browser = reg.read(nil, 1)[1]
end
Win32::Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE.open('Software\Clients\StartMenuInternet\\'+$default_browser+'\shell\open\command') do |reg|
  $browser_path = reg.read(nil, 1)[1]
end

Note: I added these lines just before

begin

and it works fine for me. The global variables $default_browser and $browser_path are defined each time the game runs, so if you change your default browser during game play, rmxp will not recognize the changes until you restart the game.

Step 3:
Now all you have to do to open a webpage is enter this command:

  Thread.start{system($browser_path, "http://www.google.com")}

Replace "http://www.google.com" with the webpage of your choice. ( Note: you can also use this command in events using Call Script. )

Thanks to vgvgf for the registry script.